These are the winners of the Top Optical Illusions of the Year contest for 2021.
First place.
Second place (which I personally thought was the best).
Third place.
Here is a link to the Top Ten finalists.
What optical illusions prove is that the human mind is not a blank slate. It is hard-wired to process information in certain ways.
Our visual information is received by light of different wave lengths falling on receptors (“rods” and “cones”) on the back surface of the eye. But our brains process that information, and we see the world in three dimensions. Because we do not perceive the world directly, it is possible to fool the brain.
What this means is that there are certain things that we see that our mental programming makes difficult or impossible to see.
Hat tip to kottke.org.